Question: Does Kinesio Taping reduce disability, pain, and kinesiophobia in people with chronic non-specific low back pain? Design: Randomised trial, with concealed allocation, assessor blinding, and intention-to-treat analysis. Participants: Sixty adults with chronic non-specific low back pain. Intervention: The experimental intervention was Kinesio Taping over the lumbar spine for one week; the control intervention was sham taping. Outcome measures: The following outcomes were measured at baseline, immediately after the week with the tape in situ, and four weeks later: Oswestry Disability Index, Roland-Morris Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire, pain on a 10-cm visual analogue scale, Tampa kinesiophobia scale, trunk flexion range of motion, and the McQuade test of trunk muscle endurance. Results: At one week, the experimental group had significantly greater improvement in disability, by 4 points (95% CI 2 to 6) on the Oswestry score and by 1.2 points (95% CI 0.4 to 2.0) on the Roland-Morris score. However, these effects were not significant four weeks later. The experimental group also had a greater decrease in pain than the control group immediately after treatment (mean between-group difference 1.1 cm, 95% CI 0.3 to 1.9), which was maintained four weeks later (1.0 cm, 95% CI 0.2 to 1.7). Similarly trunk muscle endurance was significantly better at one week (by 23 sec, 95% CI 14 to 32) and four weeks later (by 18 sec, 95% CI 9 to 26). Other outcomes were not significantly affected. Conclusion: Kinesio Taping reduced disability and pain in people with chronic non-specific low back pain, but these effects may be too small to be clinically worthwhile. Trial registration: ACTRN12612000402842. [Castro-Sanchez AM, Lara-Palomo IC, Mataran-Penarrocha GA, Fernandez-Sanchez M, Sanchez-Labraca N, Arroyo-Morales M (2012) Kinesio Taping reduces disability and pain slightly in chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomised trial. Journal of Physiotherapy 58: 89-95]